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Embryogenic cells of ginseng (Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer) developed to cotyledonary embryos through globular, heart, and torpedo stages in 4 weeks of culture in the Murahighe-Skoog (MS) medium supplemented with 1-5 μM of 2,4-dichlorophanoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) and 0.1-0.5 μM of benzylaminopurine (BAP). In particular, as the concentration of ammonium nitrate in the MS medium was reduced below 10 mM and that of potassium nitrate was increased above 20 mM, embryogenesis was promoted greatly. When cotyledonary embryos were cultured for 4 weeks on the modified MS medium containing 0.5 μM 2,4-D and 5 μM BAP at the culture temperature below 20℃, plumules of embryos were fully matured. Cotyledonary embryos with mature plumule produced both root and shoot on the germination medium containing 5 μM gibberellin (GA₃), while those with immature plumule produced only root on the germination medium. Plantlets, which were similar to ginseng seedlings in shape, were hardened for 4 weeks and then transplanted into soil.
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